From Italian all'arme (“to arms”), through Old French alarme . The variant alarum likely arose from phonetic spelling and Latinising tendencies in Early Modern English printing.
In theatre, an alarum signalled an off-stage battle or urgent call to arms, often accompanied by drumming or trumpets. It conveyed chaos and urgency without staging full combat. alarum download
By the 18th century, alarm became standard. Alarum survived mainly in archaising poetry or legal phrases (“alarum and excursion”), but faded from common use. From Italian all'arme (“to arms”), through Old French
While alarm is common today, the form alarum persisted for centuries in specific registers—most notably stage directions in Elizabethan and Jacobean drama (e.g., “Alarum within” in Shakespeare’s Macbeth ). From Italian all'arme (“to arms”)
