[Generated for illustrative purposes]

| Driver | Effect | Seasonal Impact | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | | Drier, hotter | Turns a normal summer into a firestorm nightmare; kills winter rain in the east. | | La Niña | Wetter, cooler | Turns a normal summer into a flood disaster; creates multiple east coast low events. | | Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) | Controls northwest rainfall | A “positive IOD” starves winter crops; a “negative IOD” floods the central deserts (rarely, turning Lake Eyre into a lake). |

The Land of Drought and Flooding Rain: A Seasonal Portrait of Australia’s Volatile Climate